1. Core Power Supply Pain Points of AIDC Industry

AIDC (AI Data Center) is characterized by high-density GPU clusters, high-concurrency computing scheduling, and 7×24-hour uninterrupted operation. Compared with traditional IDCs, AIDC operates under more stringent power supply conditions. AI model training and inference tasks generate instant computing bursts, millisecond-level load jumps, and high-frequency power impacts, keeping the power supply system in a long-term dynamic fluctuation state.

Traditional lead-acid and lithium batteries widely adopted in computer rooms have obvious adaptation defects. The slow electrochemical response fails to fill millisecond-level instantaneous power gaps. Battery performance degrades rapidly under the constant high-temperature environment of computer rooms, leading to accelerated aging. Their short cycle life and frequent maintenance cannot match the high-frequency dynamic loads of computing devices. In addition, inherent risks such as thermal runaway, gas expansion and liquid leakage cannot meet AIDC’s core requirements of high stability, high safety, low maintenance and zero downtime. As AIDC power supply architecture evolves towards high-voltage DC and cabinet-level distributed power supply, the industry urgently needs a new energy storage solution with instantaneous voltage stabilization, high-frequency anti-interference, long service life and high safety.

2. Core Process and Performance Advantages of Dry-Process Supercapacitors

The dry-process electrode forming technology (core technology of Qingyan Electronics) requires no solvent or moisture introduction throughout production. Different from traditional wet processes, it maximally preserves the porous energy storage structure of carbon materials, achieving lower electrode internal resistance, superior high-current discharge performance and stronger structural stability. This fundamental process eliminates common defects of traditional energy storage devices and wet-process supercapacitors, including gas generation, swelling, high-temperature performance attenuation and insufficient cycle life, making it highly adaptable to the high-density, dynamically loaded and high-temperature enclosed operating conditions of AIDCs.

The core technical advantages are summarized as follows:

• Ultra-Fast Transient Response: Adopting pure physical energy storage mechanism, it realizes millisecond-level rapid charge and discharge, accurately captures instantaneous load fluctuations of GPUs, quickly suppresses voltage surges and sags, and fills the response gap of traditional chemical batteries.

• Ultra-Low Internal Resistance & High Power Throughput: The compact and uniform dry-process electrode structure features extremely low ESR, supporting instantaneous high-current charge and discharge. It adapts to sudden peak power demands of computing clusters and avoids power overload tripping and computing service interruption.

• Wide-Temperature Stable Operation: Free of moisture and solvent residues, it causes no gas generation or swelling at high temperatures and maintains low performance attenuation across high and low temperatures. It stably operates in the long-term high-temperature enclosed environment of computer rooms without complex temperature control systems.

• Ultra-Long Cycle Life & Maintenance-Free: With a million-level cycle lifespan, it adapts to year-round high-frequency dynamic load cycles of AIDCs. No memory effect or frequent component replacement is required, significantly reducing computer room maintenance costs and downtime risks.

• Inherent Safety & High Reliability: Physical energy storage eliminates thermal runaway, combustion and explosion risks. Its robust structural stability completely avoids the safety vulnerabilities of chemical batteries and meets high-level safety specifications for computing centers.

3. Core Application Scenarios of Dry-Process Supercapacitors in AIDC

3.1 Server Instant Voltage Stabilization and Computing Reliability Assurance

Centralized startup of AIDC computing clusters, batch AI task scheduling and instantaneous computing escalation easily cause DC bus voltage fluctuations and instantaneous voltage drops, resulting in server restarts, training task interruptions and computing data loss. Relying on millisecond-level ultra-fast response capability, dry-process supercapacitors instantly supplement energy and compensate power gaps, stabilize DC bus voltage rapidly, suppress power shocks caused by load mutations, sustain stable operation of GPU and CPU computing devices, and effectively avoid service interruptions induced by transient power disturbances.

3.2 Peak Load Shaving and Power Distribution Redundancy Reduction

To cope with instantaneous computing peak loads, traditional AIDCs generally adopt over-configured power distribution design, leading to long-term low-load operation of transformers and UPS equipment, low equipment utilization, high construction costs and excessive energy consumption. Dry-process supercapacitors accurately undertake short-term peak power and dynamically absorb sudden load changes, effectively mitigating system peak power impacts, reducing redundancy pressure of front-end power distribution equipment, improving the overall efficiency of power supply systems, and realizing energy-saving and cost reduction for computer rooms.

3.3 Seamless Switching and Power Failure Buffer Protection

During mains power switching, UPS bypass switching and instantaneous grid flicker, traditional electrochemical energy storage suffers from delayed response and short-term power vacuum, threatening the operational safety of computing equipment. Dry-process supercapacitors realize millisecond-level seamless energy supplementation to fill the power switching gap, providing sufficient buffer for safe equipment shutdown, cloud service migration and power system switching. They achieve zero jitter and zero downtime power supply guarantee and greatly improve the power supply reliability of intelligent computing centers.

3.4 Long-Term Stable Energy Storage Support for High-Temperature Computer Rooms

AIDC equipment density leads to significant heat accumulation and long-term high-temperature enclosed operation. Traditional chemical batteries are prone to accelerated aging, high failure rates and frequent replacement. Featuring no moisture or solvent and low high-temperature attenuation, dry-process supercapacitors maintain stable performance and long service life under harsh computer room temperature conditions without frequent inspection and replacement, perfectly matching the unattended, high-reliability and low-maintenance requirements of intelligent computing centers.

4. Mainstream Hybrid Energy Storage Architecture for AIDC

High-end AIDCs currently widely adopt a dry-process supercapacitor + lithium battery hierarchical collaborative energy storage architecture. The two types of devices complement each other with clear division of labor and full-condition coverage, forming a standardized mainstream industry solution.

Dry-process supercapacitors undertake 0–1 second instantaneous power regulation, high-frequency fluctuation suppression, transient voltage stabilization and peak impact mitigation to solve dynamic computing load mutation problems. Lithium batteries are responsible for long-term power backup, steady-state energy storage and prolonged power supply after outages. The combination makes up for the inherent shortcomings of single energy storage devices, balances instantaneous power safety and long-term backup capacity, and fully adapts to the high-density, high-concurrency and high-reliability operation requirements of AI computing systems.

5. Application Value and Industry Trends

With the continuous increase of single-room computing density and high-frequency dynamic scheduling of AI tasks in AIDCs, transient power disturbance, peak power impact, high-temperature operational reliability and high lifecycle maintenance costs have become core bottlenecks restricting high-quality and low-cost operation of intelligent computing centers. Leveraging unique underlying process advantages, dry-process supercapacitors precisely match the core demands of computing centers for instantaneous power regulation, high-frequency cycling, high-temperature stability and maintenance-free high safety. They effectively improve the stability of computing clusters, optimize PUE, and reduce power distribution redundancy investment and full lifecycle operation and maintenance costs.

At present, dry-process supercapacitors have evolved from optional supporting equipment to standard core devices for AIDC power supply systems. As a key energy storage solution for AIDC zero-downtime, high-safety, low-carbon and long-term reliable operation, it perfectly fits the development trend of future high-density, high-dynamic and intelligent computing infrastructure.